基于SWE的空天资源对地观测协同任务规划服务模型

空天协同对地观测是对地观测领域的新趋势。为解决现有空天资源规划调度系统相对独立、协同困难的问题,分析总结了SWE(Sensor Web Enablement)标准,并在此基础上提出了空天资源对地观测协同任务规划服务模型。在此模型中,为实现观测资源共享,建立了空天观测资源传感器描述模型,能够描述典型空天资源的载荷平台、观测机理、定位信息、使用约束和工作特性等信息;为简化观测请求交互流程,基于SOA技术对SWE标准操作进行封装及简化,用户可以在不了解观测平台细节信息的情况下提交观测数据请求。为验证模型有效性,构建了空天资源对地观测协同任务规划实验平台,结果表明该模型具有较强的可实现性和适应性。     

基于车辆稳态动力学特性的汽车动态轨迹规划

针对高动态环境下驾驶辅助系统（ADAS）的轨迹规划问题,提出基于车辆稳态动力学特性的动态轨迹规划算法。该算法首先在交通车轨迹预估基础上建立搜索空间,接着利用车辆稳态动力学模型作为轨迹发生器,在搜索空间中对轨迹发生器产生的轨迹进行评价,最后根据驾驶意图和优化条件选择最优轨迹。文章采用基于最优加速度预瞄理论的轨迹跟踪算法,建立了七自由度车辆动力学模型,并在Simulink环境下搭建仿真平台,进行超车仿真实验。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法可行、有效。     

Resourcing for defense: Solving the roles and missions puzzle

One of the most important issues facing the post‐Cold War U.S. defense establishment concerns the future allocation of combat tasks and responsibilities among different branches of the armed forces. The challenge is to reduce unnecessary redundancy across roles and missions when resources are highly constrained, without compromising military effectiveness. Defining the policy problem as one of resource allocation rather than operational effectiveness, we develop a methodology for allocating roles and missions. Our methodology focuses at the highest level of force aggregation and uses a mathematical programming model to produce cross‐service cross‐mission trade‐offs that will yield the best total force combat and non‐combat potential within resource consumption constraints.     

MONEY IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN POLITICS

“Lack of money is the root of all evil”

George Bernard Shaw

In a environment where party financing, private funding in particular, is generally a laissez-faire business, as in most Southern African countries, there is the real risk that interest groups and wealthy individuals will buy influence in political parties and in so doing erode public confidence in the political system. Because they are neither open to public scrutiny nor subject to any legislative restraints, huge private donations can, and often do, come with strings attached. This lack of transparency and openness, as well as mechanisms to prevent it, provides ample ground for influence peddling, where those who pay the piper call the tune. Left unchecked, this party funding scenario will continue to be a serious indictment of the region's democratisation projects, crippling democracy and stunting economic development. This article consid     

ADVANCED US CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS AND NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT

The Obama administration has made a great effort to increase the role of advanced conventional weaponry in US national security thinking and practice, in part to help reinvigorate the global nuclear disarmament agenda by reducing the role played by nuclear weapons in the US defense posture. However, such a strategy is fundamentally flawed because increases in US conventional superiority will exacerbate US relative strength vis-à-vis other powers, and therefore make the prospect of a nuclear weapon-free world seem less attractive to Washington's current and potential nuclear rivals. Consequently, it is highly likely that the impact of efforts to increase US advanced conventional superiority through ballistic missile defense and a conventional “prompt global strike” program will ensure that the Obama administration is adopting a pathway to nuclear abolition on which it is the sole traveler for the foreseeable future.     

基于多传感器信息系统的仿人机器人步态规划算法改进研究

摘要：基于视觉传感器、角度传感器和力／力矩传感器组成的多传感器信息系统,对仿人机器人理想的步态规划算法进行了改进．以双目视觉立体标定原理处理视觉传感信息,从而判断目标距离及目标路径的可达性;通过角度传感器获取实时旋转角度,经参数调整减小执行误差;根据力／;5矩传感信息对支撑脚踝关节的侧摆角度进行增量式补偿．经实验验证,改进后的算法对机器人的步态稳定性控制具有良好的效果．     

基于MDFT框架的海上能源通道航线动态决策建模与仿真

针对常规海上航线决策没有考虑决策选择过程的问题,引入多选择决策场理论（ MDFT）,构建了海上能源通道航线动态决策模型。基于信息完备、信息不确定和特殊情况等三种情景想定,进行了海上能源通道航线规划决策及其实验仿真。结果表明,决策过程受时间压力和信息质量的制约,时间压力会制约决策质量,同时还可能引起“偏好逆转”现象,信息不确定也会导致确定性决策。该模型不仅综合考虑了海上能源通道航线选择时需关注的各类要素,且模型参数可动态调整,进而能合理模拟真实的海上状况和决策过程。     

振动遗传算法在无人机三维航路规划的算法研究

针对代价函数权重需要根据环境变化而变化的问题,结合飞行约束条件提出归一化的代价函数,当环境发生变化时,不用再修改代价函数,增强了算法的鲁棒性。为了弥补传统定步长寻径算法耗时长的缺陷,设计了一种基于B样条曲线与遗传算法的高时效寻径算法。利用遗传算法在地图中所寻合适的控制点,再结合B样条曲线生成航路。为了增强遗传算法的全局搜索能力,遗传算法中加入振动法则,使得种群在进化中后期依旧保持一定的多样性。仿真结果表明该算法与精英蚁群算法相比,规划时间大幅缩短;与振动遗传算法相比,航路代价明显降低。     

通信受限下分布式多传感器协同跟踪算法

在分布式多传感器目标跟踪系统中,由于局部融合中心(LFC)的物理限制(如:有限的频率信道、处理器容量有限等),只能接收有限个传感器的传送数据。此外,信息传输的方式也将影响传感网的使用寿命,因此,研究了通信受限下的分布式多传感器目标协同跟踪问题。首先对监视区内分布的传感器进行聚类分簇形成若干个子网,接着从通信能耗的角度出发,对传感器采集信息的传递路径进行最优路径规划;进而对子网局部状态进行估计,在子网信息融合中,分别采用最大距离和、最大化信息增量两种准则进行最佳传感器选择,最后通过各子网全局航迹融合实现分布式多传感器协同跟踪。仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

节约营区规划造价的有效途径

屯兵设营,规划先行。营区规划是部队发展所面临的重要问题,随着“节约型社会”建设步伐的加快,部队营区规划的节约化也成为一个热门话题。从实证分析的角度,结合笔者多年的相关实践经验,指出了如今营区规划工作中存在的误区,对如何节约营区规划造价进行了探讨,并提出相应途径。从为部队推广可行性强的政策策略为出发点进行论述,容易为广大部队营房干部掌握,对部队营区规划工作具有一定的指导意义。